An estimate of more than 75,000 visitors will be visiting Cape Town from UK. Matches in Cape Town will be held in Greenpoint Stadium. This stadium has the capacity of more than 70,000 spectators. People of Cape Town have done lots of preparations for both the players and visitors for the FIFA world cup. Cape Town is a diverse city and is regarded as the melting point for various different cultures in South Africa.

We offer a wide range of cheap airfares and cheap flights for your travel to Cape Town. With us you can book cheap flights to Cape Town with various airlines. British Airways, Virgin Atlantic, South African Airways, Emirates, Qatar, etc are our partner airlines with which you can book your flights to Cape Town online at cheap prices. Airfares are not only cheap for economic class but also very cheap for business and premium class.

British Airways, Virgin Atlantic and South African Airways are the direct flights to Cape Town. All flights to Cape Town depart from London Heathrow Airport and will arrive at Cape Town International Airport.

British Airways departs from London, Heathrow at 19:20pm and arrives at Cape Town Airport at 08:50am.

South African Airways and Virgin Atlantic leaves from London, Heathrow at 20:15pm and reach Cape Town at 10:25am

Qatar leaves from London, Heathrow at 20:30pm and reaches Doha at 06:10 am and then from Doha it departs at 06:45am and reaches Cape Town at 17:40pm (next day arrival).

Emirates leave from London, Heathrow at 20:00pm and reaches Dubai at 06:45am and then from Dubai it departs at 08:35am and reaches Cape Town at 16:15pm (next day arrival).

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It is not entirely fair of course to call the race a lottery, after all it is also the greatest steeplechase in the world, but there have been occasions over its long history that its outcome has had a profound lottery feel about it. For instance, Foinavon’s incredible victory in 1967, when he was the only horse to jump a fence, now called the Foinavon fence, when al, around him fell in a heap. He went on to win the race at 100-1.

During that the first race in 1839, a certain Captain Becher whilst riding a horse called Conrad fell at a fence and into a brook that now bears his famous name. Becher’s Brook is now the most fearsome of all Aintree’s thirty fences and has claimed more race casualties than any other. It is negotiated twice during the race it being the sixth and twenty second fence.

The race became entitled the Grand National Handicap Steeplchase in 1847 and still holds that name today.

One of the greatest ever runners in the race was without doubt was the two time winner, Manifesto. He holds the distinction of being the highest weighted winner, when he carried 12 st 7lb to victory in the late 1800s. He also holds the record of carrying the most weight in a Grand National when he was handicapped with 12st 13lb the year after he won for the second time. He ran in the race an incredible eight times.

The racehorse however who is most the most remembered in modern times is obviously Red Rum. Winner in 1973, 174 and 1977 and Runner up in 1975 and 1976, Red Rum and Aintree went together more so than any of the many other Aintree legends. Trained by Ginger McCain, Red Rum was never the greatest race horse, he lost far more races than he won, but somehow Aintree always brought the best out of him. His first victory in 1973, many say, was his greatest when he came from a street behind to defeat the gallant Crisp on the line. That race will be remembered in equal measures for both horses, some glad that Red Rum got up and some sad that Crisp who had got so close to becoming the race’s greatest ever winner.

The Grand National continues to flourish; the 2009 renewal will be as eagerly anticipated as every other and will be the biggest race gambled on this year as it grows in popularity and more people than ever before are aware of the race. Who will win remains a great question but the one certainty is that it will provide much enjoyment and excitement for millions of people..

By HIT KISHORE GOSWAMI

Retired Professor of Genetics , Barkatullah University,

24, kaushalnagar, Via Misrod, Bhopal (MP)

( Res: Phone: 91-755-2417156 )

We the world citizens are breathing in a very much insecure society with the increasing dimensions of newer techniques of creating nuisance, terror and ever increasing distrust among citizens world over. Bombs in the bus, train, cinema theatre, open market areas, aero planes and also lying on the garbage tins are only few exhibits of a few peoples’ hatred towards the progressive nations; innocent lives are becoming items of rampage. These inhuman acts are the outcome of free breeding corruption of excessively selfish, narrowly greedy and anti social persons widely distributed throughout the globe. Our irresponsible political leadership has fathered and faithfully nurtured these values for quite sometime, well above four decades. Even In India, we are now only preachers of peace but have always supported criminals and masked their inhuman acts as part and parcel of democracy. We were theoretically known as symbols of tolerance but as a national character now, we display complaints and dissatisfaction on every issue; we are said to believe in “forget and forgive”, but our instinct of taking revenge never calms down. This dualism of Indian practices has been most vividly viable for more than Fifty years; though said to be prevalent in all periods of human civilization. And this dualism or even pluralism of split personalities is rampant world over among all politicians, everywhere thus a common man is becoming an easy victim. This is principally on account of ever increasing economy at any and every cost and this global feature is the motive dogma of modern progress. To be honest in approach, economic progress is friendly to ethical values only in the beginning but soon becomes a bookish conjecture.

The new format of the society is non palatable to millions of simple, honest and humble citizens who believe in brotherhood, love to all human beings and duty as the foremost human religion: those who believe in second religion is an option of thoughts and way of life !!. I have counted heart beats of such people spread world over by way of personal talk, involving and sharing mutual respect.

Exhibition of hatred in the form of terrorism is the latest edition of quelling human values, feelings and ambitions of being a human being. Variable techniques of generating terror are continuously questioning our technological progress dependent-perversions. And the bitter truth is that we can never achieve perfect, clean and honest society. Not because such a society never existed anywhere but because, biologically, this is improbable, impossible and definitely imaginative. Perverts are always born, socially transformed /made, nurtured, and have always been “domesticated” by power.

I intend to enlighten on all these points on the basis of my own studies accumulated as by products of my principal focus in areas of Genetics, focusing principally on reproduction, survival strategies and adaptive behavior in plants and animals including humans dispersed in many countries. Studies conducted during last fifty years suggest that humans are more amenable, susceptible and also most adaptive.

First of all, I concentrate on impact of social turmoil on biological aspects of human behaviour and reproductive performance.

( 1 ) Prevalence of Excessive Social stress

There are many problems existing in our society which have become synonym with the region; the one I had known about was, or rather has been, the “Dacoit problem”. A dacoit word was first heard on All India Radio in 1955 which we remember “ Daku Mansingh mara gaya”; I was a student of 10th class and my father was then posted at Nowgong ( Chhatarpur ) as a Magistrate. During teen age we came across many instances and the drama popularly played on stages about “Sultana Daku” was an item of festive recreation in Northern India for several decades. Stories of both terrorizing and social services were commonly heard and people had labeled “ Good Daku” and bad/ cruel Daku” ( outlaws ) in the Bundelkhand region mostly in the belt extending around Chambal river and further going ahead to the villages around Jaulon in Uttar Pradesh. Dacoits have laid an inbuilt terror among masses and I remember that whenever I visited my relatives in Jaulon area during 1950s-1960s every one cautioned that I must return home by sun set and at any rate, I must never be alone. I always have had desire to go to natural forests, river beds and explore unseen places but was often loaded by a very unnatural tension. Further to this, we always heard some or the other news of killings, kidnappings in a nearby area thus giving enough support to my temporary care takers. The worst was that a gun man went with me in early morning for a walk . The story does not stop here , there are several pouring instances coming to mind but a relevant one is more important.

You need Police Protection for your normal duty:

Even as a lecturer in Botany at Government science college Gwalior, I use to request for a police guard to accompany our M.Sc.boys and girls and the guard were lifted in our hired government bus to the forest area around Tigrha dam , sometime on Shivpuri road ( 1967-1973) and we also took help of Ghatigaon Police station. In every walk of life we have people who live with joy and enjoy their duties, crack jokes, make people laugh and keep a congenial environ. I remember a few policemen who went many times with me and one of them once remarked “Goswami saab you have been self centred in your studies but never cared for us; you have collected dozens of plants but we could not collect a single daku in this area, help us in collection.” I gave him an advice, go in civil dress like a student, collect plants, learn few technical things and be of course armed by pistols etc in a botanical tool box , you never know it may work !.

One may not believe, I showed them signs of their (? dakus’) earlier presence. They “always” leave signs by unnatural placement of twigs, branches which no shepherd

would do that way, nor even a villager and by these non monitored code the dacoits send cautions/ messages to their colleagues. This was my conjecture !!

An Hypothesis:

These are some of the instances which installed a “faith” in my approaches of the problem that a society under permanent stress must have, in greater majority of people, an instinct of insecurity. Insecurity, suspicion under stress cause the pituitary gland excitement thereby secreting more hormones than needed. We talk of bravery but the moment we see a snake in the vicinity, eyes alarm message to the brain which is translated and within a small fraction of second pituitary functions, we have involuntary rise in blood pressure, fear becomes operative and voice becomes shaky. Human physiological responses are so interdependent on neurological responses and are so sensitive that fraction of a second can change the whole personality. In our old Indian Vedic literature we rate control of Anger, Fear, and Greed as testaments of a noble soul.

So, obviously, the society with percolated insecurity causing behavioural tension must be having visible impacts on human reproductive performances at the population levels; this hypothesis was tested on the hospital data collected from the records of maternity centers, primary health centers and hospitals in Gwalior region. The birth statistics from 1950-to1995 gave very alarming results. Also, we conducted family surveys mainly with the help of female students studying post graduate courses at our and many other University centers who offered help for this, apparently secretive but, otherwise very important work. This is worth mentioning here that these investigations were compared with very many kinds of population samples ( In biological context, we call a population sample constituting a breeding group, which in India varies with the caste system, sometimes also differing in languages; non tribals, tribals, communities living at high altitudes, sea shore area dwellers in south and also on moving chariots of Rajasthan) A very patient personalized project accumulated data, generated from MP ( with Cgarh ) Bihar( old), Himachal, Punjab, Srinagar, Andhra Pradesh and some sporadic samples has turned out to be a very genuine consolidated information, some of which have already been published in national and International Journals.

Twinning is influenced

A mother gives birth to more than one child with a difference of a few minutes to few hours. The phenomenon is known is “ Twinning’’ which ordinarily includes birth of triplets, quadruplets and more. Every population has a range of say 8 to 15 per thousand twin frequency ( means that out of 1000 births there are 8 or more twin births which also includes multiple births ). Scientifically, we want to know how many triplets and multiple births have taken place in a population, and these are very well recorded in each village. Twinning never goes unrecorded because this is, as ever, a matter of social curiosity, worry and tension of the mother and attending persons on the health of both, the new born and the mother. Taken as a whole proportion of twin births in one year in one area, and comparing another population in the same way, doing this for many years makes a difference. Biologically, we derive many inferences and offer very valuable comments on the intra and inter population differences and impact of environmental hazards. My studies published during 1970 and thereafter opined for the first time the role of age of mothers, their genetic background, which was upheld by Scandanavian workers. Twinning by and large is dependent on heredity, mother’s predisposition to environmental factors as well as her higher age ( mothers conceiving at 35 and more have great chances for a twin maternity ).This was intriguing that frequency of triplets in particular, showed rise in Morena-Gwalior belt during 1960- 1975 which alarmingly declined during 1975-1980. Our total data based on about 6 million births suggested that average frequency of triplets was 1 in 880 births ( only triplet frequency ) which had declined in 1975-1980 to be 1 in 1700 births. Presenting this work in Rome Conference in 1989 on Twins, I had presented this data causing dismay to many and curiosity to hundreds. As a possible explanation, I had expressed hormonal imbalance influenced by fear, anxiety, socially prevalent long term tension to be responsible for increased tendency of ovulation among women inhabiting this area. A very strong support to this hypothesis was cited from the published results of twinning in Europe during and after the first world war and more extensive data during and after the Second World war. The German and central European territory revealed maximum twinning rates during war-period decade which declined in late fifties. What a grand biological phenomenon to compensate the loss of human lives !!

( 3 ) Over medication is the pseudo outlet of insecurity

A species under great biological stress reproduces faster than, under reluctance.

Twinning is also known to be influenced by drug abuse, extra dosage of oral contraceptives and too much alcohol or other addictions. These all are under a

physiological monitoring principle of three ranges, minimum, optimum and maximum. Not all individuals respond exactly in the same way, even twins are like “two peas in a pod”, so we can never assign any one causative factor for any biological phenomenon.

This is a dogmatic truth that there is nothing which can be taken “final” in biology. But still we try to offer explanation and on matters such as the present one, collecting population data ( epidemiological study ) and using statistical comparisons with many relevant studies are very reliably applications.

A very unfortunate biological problem is regarding congenital malformations which are directly correlated with over medication, drug abuse and newer addictions ( not all congenital malformations are hereditary in nature ) The most famous example is the thalidomide tragedy in Germany. During 1940s the women used extra dosage of sleeping drugs which included this organic compound, thalidomide.

Based on chromosome studies on plant cells under the influence of the chemical thalidomide, then, extending it to epidemiological studies and also subjecting it to tissue culture observations, biologists came out with recommendations to ban thalidomide dependent drugs. This also revealed for the first time that drugs in molecular forms are not detained by placental barriers and can harm the developing embryo. Pregnant women are very much prone to such hazards !!

Scientifically also, as we pronounce ethically, motherhood is the greatest virtue of being a woman and a mother.

Lack of Sociability

We have made extensive studies on twins and twinning from different parts of the country ( now, more than 14 million births ) during 1964-2004, keeping in view the ecological variables and marriage patterns ( because, marrying with in the family, as in practice in many communities in India, brings common genes among their children ). There are many instances that I intervened in some marriages of muslim families in Bhopal and tried to convince both parties of possible dangers of genic combinations. I did so because they had asked my advice as a scientist, so how can I be unfair to them. Duty as a biologist always demands truthful discussion with any one, and oily tongue can please the persons but not serve the science.

These all honest approaches in a society can sustain longevity only when there is a mutual trust; now in modern progress we face the greatest scarcity of mutual faith.

The great Shakspeare wrote “ who is to be trusted in this world when one’s own right hand is opposite to the bossom”. We are experiencing every where only distrust because we feel insecure. What for??

(

In my book on “BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR” ( unpublished) I have mentioned “violence” to be a natural, original and universal instinct in biological systems. Insecure-society facilitates expression of violence, non-violence is suppression of egos, which has a minimal occupancy in a perturbed atmosphere. No one likes suppression of desires; even, no one wants to take heed of precautions.

This is a very surprising fact in behavioural biology that the factors which enhance distress can be associated with twinning as well as result in increment of abortion rates in human population. There are more than dozen biological and non biological factors for causing recurrent abortions and too early termination of pregnancies ( just in 4-6 weeks of gestation; before noticing pregnancy) but among environmental factors, induced long term social unrest is one of the well known parameters. Natural disasters and calamities have their own way of destruction. Struggle for survival as a species always goes on in the biological scenario.

What we ought to do is to make our demands having some end, egos need to be fenced by our sense of duties. Very honestly, our country shall never be able to get back to real Indian values of tolerance, acceptability of knowledge and mutual faith with respect. This is now impossible rather than difficult to revert back !!

Is this pessimism ? no, not at all. The time lost can never be regained, gone – age can be replayed on a stage or drama not in real life, damage on humanity goes in the space of time ! Best examples are from Indian history dating back to 3000B.C.

Lord Rama, could never live happily after Sita’s “uncalled for” exile. The great Karm Yogi, Krishna ultimately tells the true strength of “Time” Arjuna was convinced to do his job, Duryodhan did his job and above all Bhisma and Dhrithrastra were understood to continue to their jobs despite the fact that everyone was becoming aware of drastic consequences. I often feel amazed at the deeper extent of hatred in Dhrithrastra’s mind that he wanted to crush and mutilate Bhimsen even when he had lost each and every son, his empire and the total purpose of his life. Frustration or “hatred in finite” or both, inseparable ! The lust of power and hunger of revenge are immortal, these never die, they breed truly in masses for several social generations.

Hurt remnants of hatred transform their beliefs in ethos of their isolated religion. Human mind is the most evil mind in the biological world. So we will always have wars, man made disasters and self aimed destructions.

Hit Kishore Goswami

Bhopal, India

ENDANGERED WORLD – CITIZENSHIP

By

HIT KISHORE GOSWAMI

Retired Professor of Genetics , Barkatullah University,

24, kaushalnagar, Via Misrod, Bhopal (MP)

( Res: Phone: 91-755-2417156 )

We the world citizens are breathing in a very much insecure society with the increasing dimensions of newer techniques of creating nuisance, terror and ever increasing distrust among citizens world over. Bombs in the bus, train, cinema theatre, open market areas, aero planes and also lying on the garbage tins are only few exhibits of a few peoples’ hatred towards the progressive nations; innocent lives are becoming items of rampage. These inhuman acts are the outcome of free breeding corruption of excessively selfish, narrowly greedy and anti social persons widely distributed throughout the globe. Our irresponsible political leadership has fathered and faithfully nurtured these values for quite sometime, well above four decades. Even In India, we are now only preachers of peace but have always supported criminals and masked their inhuman acts as part and parcel of democracy. We were theoretically known as symbols of tolerance but as a national character now, we display complaints and dissatisfaction on every issue; we are said to believe in “forget and forgive”, but our instinct of taking revenge never calms down. This dualism of Indian practices has been most vividly viable for more than Fifty years; though said to be prevalent in all periods of human civilization. And this dualism or even pluralism of split personalities is rampant world over among all politicians, everywhere thus a common man is becoming an easy victim. This is principally on account of ever increasing economy at any and every cost and this global feature is the motive dogma of modern progress. To be honest in approach, economic progress is friendly to ethical values only in the beginning but soon becomes a bookish conjecture.

The new format of the society is non palatable to millions of simple, honest and humble citizens who believe in brotherhood, love to all human beings and duty as the foremost human religion: those who believe in second religion is an option of thoughts and way of life !!. I have counted heart beats of such people spread world over by way of personal talk, involving and sharing mutual respect.

Exhibition of hatred in the form of terrorism is the latest edition of quelling human values, feelings and ambitions of being a human being. Variable techniques of generating terror are continuously questioning our technological progress dependent-perversions. And the bitter truth is that we can never achieve perfect, clean and honest society. Not because such a society never existed anywhere but because, biologically, this is improbable, impossible and definitely imaginative. Perverts are always born, socially transformed /made, nurtured, and have always been “domesticated” by power.

I intend to enlighten on all these points on the basis of my own studies accumulated as by products of my principal focus in areas of Genetics, focusing principally on reproduction, survival strategies and adaptive behavior in plants and animals including humans dispersed in many countries. Studies conducted during last fifty years suggest that humans are more amenable, susceptible and also most adaptive.

First of all, I concentrate on impact of social turmoil on biological aspects of human behaviour and reproductive performance.

( 1 ) Prevalence of Excessive Social stress

There are many problems existing in our society which have become synonym with the region; the one I had known about was, or rather has been, the “Dacoit problem”. A dacoit word was first heard on All India Radio in 1955 which we remember “ Daku Mansingh mara gaya”; I was a student of 10th class and my father was then posted at Nowgong ( Chhatarpur ) as a Magistrate. During teen age we came across many instances and the drama popularly played on stages about “Sultana Daku” was an item of festive recreation in Northern India for several decades. Stories of both terrorizing and social services were commonly heard and people had labeled “ Good Daku” and bad/ cruel Daku” ( outlaws ) in the Bundelkhand region mostly in the belt extending around Chambal river and further going ahead to the villages around Jaulon in Uttar Pradesh. Dacoits have laid an inbuilt terror among masses and I remember that whenever I visited my relatives in Jaulon area during 1950s-1960s every one cautioned that I must return home by sun set and at any rate, I must never be alone. I always have had desire to go to natural forests, river beds and explore unseen places but was often loaded by a very unnatural tension. Further to this, we always heard some or the other news of killings, kidnappings in a nearby area thus giving enough support to my temporary care takers. The worst was that a gun man went with me in early morning for a walk . The story does not stop here , there are several pouring instances coming to mind but a relevant one is more important.

You need Police Protection for your normal duty:

Even as a lecturer in Botany at Government science college Gwalior, I use to request for a police guard to accompany our M.Sc.boys and girls and the guard were lifted in our hired government bus to the forest area around Tigrha dam , sometime on Shivpuri road ( 1967-1973) and we also took help of Ghatigaon Police station. In every walk of life we have people who live with joy and enjoy their duties, crack jokes, make people laugh and keep a congenial environ. I remember a few policemen who went many times with me and one of them once remarked “Goswami saab you have been self centred in your studies but never cared for us; you have collected dozens of plants but we could not collect a single daku in this area, help us in collection.” I gave him an advice, go in civil dress like a student, collect plants, learn few technical things and be of course armed by pistols etc in a botanical tool box , you never know it may work !.

One may not believe, I showed them signs of their (? dakus’) earlier presence. They “always” leave signs by unnatural placement of twigs, branches which no shepherd

would do that way, nor even a villager and by these non monitored code the dacoits send cautions/ messages to their colleagues. This was my conjecture !!

An Hypothesis:

These are some of the instances which installed a “faith” in my approaches of the problem that a society under permanent stress must have, in greater majority of people, an instinct of insecurity. Insecurity, suspicion under stress cause the pituitary gland excitement thereby secreting more hormones than needed. We talk of bravery but the moment we see a snake in the vicinity, eyes alarm message to the brain which is translated and within a small fraction of second pituitary functions, we have involuntary rise in blood pressure, fear becomes operative and voice becomes shaky. Human physiological responses are so interdependent on neurological responses and are so sensitive that fraction of a second can change the whole personality. In our old Indian Vedic literature we rate control of Anger, Fear, and Greed as testaments of a noble soul.

So, obviously, the society with percolated insecurity causing behavioural tension must be having visible impacts on human reproductive performances at the population levels; this hypothesis was tested on the hospital data collected from the records of maternity centers, primary health centers and hospitals in Gwalior region. The birth statistics from 1950-to1995 gave very alarming results. Also, we conducted family surveys mainly with the help of female students studying post graduate courses at our and many other University centers who offered help for this, apparently secretive but, otherwise very important work. This is worth mentioning here that these investigations were compared with very many kinds of population samples ( In biological context, we call a population sample constituting a breeding group, which in India varies with the caste system, sometimes also differing in languages; non tribals, tribals, communities living at high altitudes, sea shore area dwellers in south and also on moving chariots of Rajasthan) A very patient personalized project accumulated data, generated from MP ( with Cgarh ) Bihar( old), Himachal, Punjab, Srinagar, Andhra Pradesh and some sporadic samples has turned out to be a very genuine consolidated information, some of which have already been published in national and International Journals.

Twinning is influenced

A mother gives birth to more than one child with a difference of a few minutes to few hours. The phenomenon is known is “ Twinning’’ which ordinarily includes birth of triplets, quadruplets and more. Every population has a range of say 8 to 15 per thousand twin frequency ( means that out of 1000 births there are 8 or more twin births which also includes multiple births ). Scientifically, we want to know how many triplets and multiple births have taken place in a population, and these are very well recorded in each village. Twinning never goes unrecorded because this is, as ever, a matter of social curiosity, worry and tension of the mother and attending persons on the health of both, the new born and the mother. Taken as a whole proportion of twin births in one year in one area, and comparing another population in the same way, doing this for many years makes a difference. Biologically, we derive many inferences and offer very valuable comments on the intra and inter population differences and impact of environmental hazards. My studies published during 1970 and thereafter opined for the first time the role of age of mothers, their genetic background, which was upheld by Scandanavian workers. Twinning by and large is dependent on heredity, mother’s predisposition to environmental factors as well as her higher age ( mothers conceiving at 35 and more have great chances for a twin maternity ).This was intriguing that frequency of triplets in particular, showed rise in Morena-Gwalior belt during 1960- 1975 which alarmingly declined during 1975-1980. Our total data based on about 6 million births suggested that average frequency of triplets was 1 in 880 births ( only triplet frequency ) which had declined in 1975-1980 to be 1 in 1700 births. Presenting this work in Rome Conference in 1989 on Twins, I had presented this data causing dismay to many and curiosity to hundreds. As a possible explanation, I had expressed hormonal imbalance influenced by fear, anxiety, socially prevalent long term tension to be responsible for increased tendency of ovulation among women inhabiting this area. A very strong support to this hypothesis was cited from the published results of twinning in Europe during and after the first world war and more extensive data during and after the Second World war. The German and central European territory revealed maximum twinning rates during war-period decade which declined in late fifties. What a grand biological phenomenon to compensate the loss of human lives !!

( 3 ) Over medication is the pseudo outlet of insecurity

A species under great biological stress reproduces faster than, under reluctance.

Twinning is also known to be influenced by drug abuse, extra dosage of oral contraceptives and too much alcohol or other addictions. These all are under a

physiological monitoring principle of three ranges, minimum, optimum and maximum. Not all individuals respond exactly in the same way, even twins are like “two peas in a pod”, so we can never assign any one causative factor for any biological phenomenon.

This is a dogmatic truth that there is nothing which can be taken “final” in biology. But still we try to offer explanation and on matters such as the present one, collecting population data ( epidemiological study ) and using statistical comparisons with many relevant studies are very reliably applications.

A very unfortunate biological problem is regarding congenital malformations which are directly correlated with over medication, drug abuse and newer addictions ( not all congenital malformations are hereditary in nature ) The most famous example is the thalidomide tragedy in Germany. During 1940s the women used extra dosage of sleeping drugs which included this organic compound, thalidomide.

Based on chromosome studies on plant cells under the influence of the chemical thalidomide, then, extending it to epidemiological studies and also subjecting it to tissue culture observations, biologists came out with recommendations to ban thalidomide dependent drugs. This also revealed for the first time that drugs in molecular forms are not detained by placental barriers and can harm the developing embryo. Pregnant women are very much prone to such hazards !!

Scientifically also, as we pronounce ethically, motherhood is the greatest virtue of being a woman and a mother.

Lack of Sociability

We have made extensive studies on twins and twinning from different parts of the country ( now, more than 14 million births ) during 1964-2004, keeping in view the ecological variables and marriage patterns ( because, marrying with in the family, as in practice in many communities in India, brings common genes among their children ). There are many instances that I intervened in some marriages of muslim families in Bhopal and tried to convince both parties of possible dangers of genic combinations. I did so because they had asked my advice as a scientist, so how can I be unfair to them. Duty as a biologist always demands truthful discussion with any one, and oily tongue can please the persons but not serve the science.

These all honest approaches in a society can sustain longevity only when there is a mutual trust; now in modern progress we face the greatest scarcity of mutual faith.

The great Shakspeare wrote “ who is to be trusted in this world when one’s own right hand is opposite to the bossom”. We are experiencing every where only distrust because we feel insecure. What for??

(

In my book on “BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR” ( unpublished) I have mentioned “violence” to be a natural, original and universal instinct in biological systems. Insecure-society facilitates expression of violence, non-violence is suppression of egos, which has a minimal occupancy in a perturbed atmosphere. No one likes suppression of desires; even, no one wants to take heed of precautions.

This is a very surprising fact in behavioural biology that the factors which enhance distress can be associated with twinning as well as result in increment of abortion rates in human population. There are more than dozen biological and non biological factors for causing recurrent abortions and too early termination of pregnancies ( just in 4-6 weeks of gestation; before noticing pregnancy) but among environmental factors, induced long term social unrest is one of the well known parameters. Natural disasters and calamities have their own way of destruction. Struggle for survival as a species always goes on in the biological scenario.

What we ought to do is to make our demands having some end, egos need to be fenced by our sense of duties. Very honestly, our country shall never be able to get back to real Indian values of tolerance, acceptability of knowledge and mutual faith with respect. This is now impossible rather than difficult to revert back !!

Is this pessimism ? no, not at all. The time lost can never be regained, gone – age can be replayed on a stage or drama not in real life, damage on humanity goes in the space of time ! Best examples are from Indian history dating back to 3000B.C.

Lord Rama, could never live happily after Sita’s “uncalled for” exile. The great Karm Yogi, Krishna ultimately tells the true strength of “Time” Arjuna was convinced to do his job, Duryodhan did his job and above all Bhisma and Dhrithrastra were understood to continue to their jobs despite the fact that everyone was becoming aware of drastic consequences. I often feel amazed at the deeper extent of hatred in Dhrithrastra’s mind that he wanted to crush and mutilate Bhimsen even when he had lost each and every son, his empire and the total purpose of his life. Frustration or “hatred in finite” or both, inseparable ! The lust of power and hunger of revenge are immortal, these never die, they breed truly in masses for several social generations.

Hurt remnants of hatred transform their beliefs in ethos of their isolated religion. Human mind is the most evil mind in the biological world. So we will always have wars, man made disasters and self aimed destructions.

Hit Kishore Goswami

Bhopal, India

ENDANGERED WORLD – CITIZENSHIP

By

HIT KISHORE GOSWAMI

Retired Professor of Genetics , Barkatullah University,

24, kaushalnagar, Via Misrod, Bhopal (MP)

( Res: Phone: 91-755-2417156 )

We the world citizens are breathing in a very much insecure society with the increasing dimensions of newer techniques of creating nuisance, terror and ever increasing distrust among citizens world over. Bombs in the bus, train, cinema theatre, open market areas, aero planes and also lying on the garbage tins are only few exhibits of a few peoples’ hatred towards the progressive nations; innocent lives are becoming items of rampage. These inhuman acts are the outcome of free breeding corruption of excessively selfish, narrowly greedy and anti social persons widely distributed throughout the globe. Our irresponsible political leadership has fathered and faithfully nurtured these values for quite sometime, well above four decades. Even In India, we are now only preachers of peace but have always supported criminals and masked their inhuman acts as part and parcel of democracy. We were theoretically known as symbols of tolerance but as a national character now, we display complaints and dissatisfaction on every issue; we are said to believe in “forget and forgive”, but our instinct of taking revenge never calms down. This dualism of Indian practices has been most vividly viable for more than Fifty years; though said to be prevalent in all periods of human civilization. And this dualism or even pluralism of split personalities is rampant world over among all politicians, everywhere thus a common man is becoming an easy victim. This is principally on account of ever increasing economy at any and every cost and this global feature is the motive dogma of modern progress. To be honest in approach, economic progress is friendly to ethical values only in the beginning but soon becomes a bookish conjecture.

The new format of the society is non palatable to millions of simple, honest and humble citizens who believe in brotherhood, love to all human beings and duty as the foremost human religion: those who believe in second religion is an option of thoughts and way of life !!. I have counted heart beats of such people spread world over by way of personal talk, involving and sharing mutual respect.

Exhibition of hatred in the form of terrorism is the latest edition of quelling human values, feelings and ambitions of being a human being. Variable techniques of generating terror are continuously questioning our technological progress dependent-perversions. And the bitter truth is that we can never achieve perfect, clean and honest society. Not because such a society never existed anywhere but because, biologically, this is improbable, impossible and definitely imaginative. Perverts are always born, socially transformed /made, nurtured, and have always been “domesticated” by power.

I intend to enlighten on all these points on the basis of my own studies accumulated as by products of my principal focus in areas of Genetics, focusing principally on reproduction, survival strategies and adaptive behavior in plants and animals including humans dispersed in many countries. Studies conducted during last fifty years suggest that humans are more amenable, susceptible and also most adaptive.

First of all, I concentrate on impact of social turmoil on biological aspects of human behaviour and reproductive performance.

( 1 ) Prevalence of Excessive Social stress

There are many problems existing in our society which have become synonym with the region; the one I had known about was, or rather has been, the “Dacoit problem”. A dacoit word was first heard on All India Radio in 1955 which we remember “ Daku Mansingh mara gaya”; I was a student of 10th class and my father was then posted at Nowgong ( Chhatarpur ) as a Magistrate. During teen age we came across many instances and the drama popularly played on stages about “Sultana Daku” was an item of festive recreation in Northern India for several decades. Stories of both terrorizing and social services were commonly heard and people had labeled “ Good Daku” and bad/ cruel Daku” ( outlaws ) in the Bundelkhand region mostly in the belt extending around Chambal river and further going ahead to the villages around Jaulon in Uttar Pradesh. Dacoits have laid an inbuilt terror among masses and I remember that whenever I visited my relatives in Jaulon area during 1950s-1960s every one cautioned that I must return home by sun set and at any rate, I must never be alone. I always have had desire to go to natural forests, river beds and explore unseen places but was often loaded by a very unnatural tension. Further to this, we always heard some or the other news of killings, kidnappings in a nearby area thus giving enough support to my temporary care takers. The worst was that a gun man went with me in early morning for a walk . The story does not stop here , there are several pouring instances coming to mind but a relevant one is more important.

You need Police Protection for your normal duty:

Even as a lecturer in Botany at Government science college Gwalior, I use to request for a police guard to accompany our M.Sc.boys and girls and the guard were lifted in our hired government bus to the forest area around Tigrha dam , sometime on Shivpuri road ( 1967-1973) and we also took help of Ghatigaon Police station. In every walk of life we have people who live with joy and enjoy their duties, crack jokes, make people laugh and keep a congenial environ. I remember a few policemen who went many times with me and one of them once remarked “Goswami saab you have been self centred in your studies but never cared for us; you have collected dozens of plants but we could not collect a single daku in this area, help us in collection.” I gave him an advice, go in civil dress like a student, collect plants, learn few technical things and be of course armed by pistols etc in a botanical tool box , you never know it may work !.

One may not believe, I showed them signs of their (? dakus’) earlier presence. They “always” leave signs by unnatural placement of twigs, branches which no shepherd

would do that way, nor even a villager and by these non monitored code the dacoits send cautions/ messages to their colleagues. This was my conjecture !!

An Hypothesis:

These are some of the instances which installed a “faith” in my approaches of the problem that a society under permanent stress must have, in greater majority of people, an instinct of insecurity. Insecurity, suspicion under stress cause the pituitary gland excitement thereby secreting more hormones than needed. We talk of bravery but the moment we see a snake in the vicinity, eyes alarm message to the brain which is translated and within a small fraction of second pituitary functions, we have involuntary rise in blood pressure, fear becomes operative and voice becomes shaky. Human physiological responses are so interdependent on neurological responses and are so sensitive that fraction of a second can change the whole personality. In our old Indian Vedic literature we rate control of Anger, Fear, and Greed as testaments of a noble soul.

So, obviously, the society with percolated insecurity causing behavioural tension must be having visible impacts on human reproductive performances at the population levels; this hypothesis was tested on the hospital data collected from the records of maternity centers, primary health centers and hospitals in Gwalior region. The birth statistics from 1950-to1995 gave very alarming results. Also, we conducted family surveys mainly with the help of female students studying post graduate courses at our and many other University centers who offered help for this, apparently secretive but, otherwise very important work. This is worth mentioning here that these investigations were compared with very many kinds of population samples ( In biological context, we call a population sample constituting a breeding group, which in India varies with the caste system, sometimes also differing in languages; non tribals, tribals, communities living at high altitudes, sea shore area dwellers in south and also on moving chariots of Rajasthan) A very patient personalized project accumulated data, generated from MP ( with Cgarh ) Bihar( old), Himachal, Punjab, Srinagar, Andhra Pradesh and some sporadic samples has turned out to be a very genuine consolidated information, some of which have already been published in national and International Journals.

Twinning is influenced

A mother gives birth to more than one child with a difference of a few minutes to few hours. The phenomenon is known is “ Twinning’’ which ordinarily includes birth of triplets, quadruplets and more. Every population has a range of say 8 to 15 per thousand twin frequency ( means that out of 1000 births there are 8 or more twin births which also includes multiple births ). Scientifically, we want to know how many triplets and multiple births have taken place in a population, and these are very well recorded in each village. Twinning never goes unrecorded because this is, as ever, a matter of social curiosity, worry and tension of the mother and attending persons on the health of both, the new born and the mother. Taken as a whole proportion of twin births in one year in one area, and comparing another population in the same way, doing this for many years makes a difference. Biologically, we derive many inferences and offer very valuable comments on the intra and inter population differences and impact of environmental hazards. My studies published during 1970 and thereafter opined for the first time the role of age of mothers, their genetic background, which was upheld by Scandanavian workers. Twinning by and large is dependent on heredity, mother’s predisposition to environmental factors as well as her higher age ( mothers conceiving at 35 and more have great chances for a twin maternity ).This was intriguing that frequency of triplets in particular, showed rise in Morena-Gwalior belt during 1960- 1975 which alarmingly declined during 1975-1980. Our total data based on about 6 million births suggested that average frequency of triplets was 1 in 880 births ( only triplet frequency ) which had declined in 1975-1980 to be 1 in 1700 births. Presenting this work in Rome Conference in 1989 on Twins, I had presented this data causing dismay to many and curiosity to hundreds. As a possible explanation, I had expressed hormonal imbalance influenced by fear, anxiety, socially prevalent long term tension to be responsible for increased tendency of ovulation among women inhabiting this area. A very strong support to this hypothesis was cited from the published results of twinning in Europe during and after the first world war and more extensive data during and after the Second World war. The German and central European territory revealed maximum twinning rates during war-period decade which declined in late fifties. What a grand biological phenomenon to compensate the loss of human lives !!

( 3 ) Over medication is the pseudo outlet of insecurity

A species under great biological stress reproduces faster than, under reluctance.

Twinning is also known to be influenced by drug abuse, extra dosage of oral contraceptives and too much alcohol or other addictions. These all are under a

physiological monitoring principle of three ranges, minimum, optimum and maximum. Not all individuals respond exactly in the same way, even twins are like “two peas in a pod”, so we can never assign any one causative factor for any biological phenomenon.

This is a dogmatic truth that there is nothing which can be taken “final” in biology. But still we try to offer explanation and on matters such as the present one, collecting population data ( epidemiological study ) and using statistical comparisons with many relevant studies are very reliably applications.

A very unfortunate biological problem is regarding congenital malformations which are directly correlated with over medication, drug abuse and newer addictions ( not all congenital malformations are hereditary in nature ) The most famous example is the thalidomide tragedy in Germany. During 1940s the women used extra dosage of sleeping drugs which included this organic compound, thalidomide.

Based on chromosome studies on plant cells under the influence of the chemical thalidomide, then, extending it to epidemiological studies and also subjecting it to tissue culture observations, biologists came out with recommendations to ban thalidomide dependent drugs. This also revealed for the first time that drugs in molecular forms are not detained by placental barriers and can harm the developing embryo. Pregnant women are very much prone to such hazards !!

Scientifically also, as we pronounce ethically, motherhood is the greatest virtue of being a woman and a mother.

Lack of Sociability

We have made extensive studies on twins and twinning from different parts of the country ( now, more than 14 million births ) during 1964-2004, keeping in view the ecological variables and marriage patterns ( because, marrying with in the family, as in practice in many communities in India, brings common genes among their children ). There are many instances that I intervened in some marriages of muslim families in Bhopal and tried to convince both parties of possible dangers of genic combinations. I did so because they had asked my advice as a scientist, so how can I be unfair to them. Duty as a biologist always demands truthful discussion with any one, and oily tongue can please the persons but not serve the science.

These all honest approaches in a society can sustain longevity only when there is a mutual trust; now in modern progress we face the greatest scarcity of mutual faith.

The great Shakspeare wrote “ who is to be trusted in this world when one’s own right hand is opposite to the bossom”. We are experiencing every where only distrust because we feel insecure. What for??

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In my book on “BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR” ( unpublished) I have mentioned “violence” to be a natural, original and universal instinct in biological systems. Insecure-society facilitates expression of violence, non-violence is suppression of egos, which has a minimal occupancy in a perturbed atmosphere. No one likes suppression of desires; even, no one wants to take heed of precautions.

This is a very surprising fact in behavioural biology that the factors which enhance distress can be associated with twinning as well as result in increment of abortion rates in human population. There are more than dozen biological and non biological factors for causing recurrent abortions and too early termination of pregnancies ( just in 4-6 weeks of gestation; before noticing pregnancy) but among environmental factors, induced long term social unrest is one of the well known parameters. Natural disasters and calamities have their own way of destruction. Struggle for survival as a species always goes on in the biological scenario.

What we ought to do is to make our demands having some end, egos need to be fenced by our sense of duties. Very honestly, our country shall never be able to get back to real Indian values of tolerance, acceptability of knowledge and mutual faith with respect. This is now impossible rather than difficult to revert back !!

Is this pessimism ? no, not at all. The time lost can never be regained, gone – age can be replayed on a stage or drama not in real life, damage on humanity goes in the space of time ! Best examples are from Indian history dating back to 3000B.C.

Lord Rama, could never live happily after Sita’s “uncalled for” exile. The great Karm Yogi, Krishna ultimately tells the true strength of “Time” Arjuna was convinced to do his job, Duryodhan did his job and above all Bhisma and Dhrithrastra were understood to continue to their jobs despite the fact that everyone was becoming aware of drastic consequences. I often feel amazed at the deeper extent of hatred in Dhrithrastra’s mind that he wanted to crush and mutilate Bhimsen even when he had lost each and every son, his empire and the total purpose of his life. Frustration or “hatred in finite” or both, inseparable ! The lust of power and hunger of revenge are immortal, these never die, they breed truly in masses for several social generations.

Hurt remnants of hatred transform their beliefs in ethos of their isolated religion. Human mind is the most evil mind in the biological world. So we will always have wars, man made disasters and self aimed destructions.

Hit Kishore Goswami

Bhopal, India

Title favourite Advani, the 2003 champion, was on a roll as he crafted a 100 in the third and 110 clearance in the fifth to take his tally of centuries to three in the current tournament while registering his fourth consecutive win. In the process, he played the shot of the tournament to sink the yellow after clearing the last red during the 110 break.

“I wanted to cannon the yellow (that was near brown spot) and release the brown after I covered the last red with the black. The only shot was a thin slice into centre-pocket. Since I had already won the frame, I went for it and hoped that the yellow would get into the centre-pocket and it did,” he said.

The cue-ball was near the yellow spot and even as one thought he had snookered himself, Advani came up with the stunner that earned him a huge applause from the galleries.

Joining Advani in the knock-out phase was Manan Chandra who came through 4-1 against James Mifsud of Australia for his third win in four matches in Group D that Finland’s Alex Borg tops. Borg put in a break of 112 in the first frame while demolishing Faaris Kahn of South Africa 4-1.

Earlier, India’s Alok Kumar, hailing from Mandi-Gobindgarh in Punjab, continued his quiet and virtually unnoticed progress to the knock-out stage in the men’s category as he wrapped up his fourth win in as many group matches.

The 41-year-old five times national snooker champion besides winner of the Asian title, may not enjoy a high visibility or a profile that some of his contemporaries do, but his versatility has never been in doubt as could be gauged by the four national billiards title he has won.

Cueing quite smoothly, Alok hammered Sri Lanka’s Ryan Somaratna 4-0 this morning to confirm his berth in the round of 64 where the tournament enters the knock-out phase.

Also advancing to the men’s knock-out with unbeaten record after four matches were Anthony McGuill (Scotland), Fung Kwok Wai (Hong Kong-China), Mohammed Al Joaker (UAE) and Ang Boon Chin (Singapore).

Meanwhile, India’s Vidya Pillai, playing quite fluently, overcame compatriot Neeta Sanghvi 3-0 for her fourth win and qualify for the knock-out round in the women’s section.

Thailand’s Santhinee Jaisuekul came through 3-1 against India’s Chitra Magimairaj for her fourth consecutive win and advance to the knock-out phase. Chitra, with three wins from four outings, is also assured of a berth in the next round.

In the masters category, India’s Geet Sethi rebounded from his defeat Tuesday night to post a fluent 3-0 win against Abdul Mohsen Khamis of Qatar aided by a half-century break.

Among the other impressive winners Darren Morgan of Wales and Chuchuart Trirattanapradip of Thailand, both recorded 3-0 wins. The 1987 champion and also winner of the Masters title in 2007, Morgan, who cracked a 103 earlier in the league, was in a class of his own in blanking Paul Thomerson of Australia while Trirattanapradip crafted a 104 while getting past Bambos Kuzis of Cyprus.

Both Morgan and Trirattanapradit also qualified for the knock-out rounds with four wins out of four as did another Thai, Noppadon Noppachorn who brushed aside local challenger K. Venkatesham 3-0 to post his fourth victory.

The day’s programme was not without a few hiccups. The Masters match between India’s Arvind Savur and Frank Schroeder of Germany saw both players docked a frame apiece by referee Deryck Brown (Wales). Savur eventually won 3-2.

The start was delayed by two minutes as Savur had forgotten to wear his waistcoat and had to wait for it to be fetched while Schroeder left the table without informing the referee and was penalized.

According to Skytrax, the ultimate voice of airline industry, which gives away the annual World Airline Awards, the following are the world’s top ten airlines.

1. Cathay Pacific

One from Asia, this Hong Kong based company repeatedly fares high in customer satisfaction, number of passengers carried and cargo handled. Sure, they have survived the depression scare quite brilliantly too.

2. Singapore Airlines

Singapore may be a tiny country in Asia. However, the airline of that country is repeatedly at the top of the world. In fact, majority of the passengers are from outside that country. The number of passengers far exceeds the total population of that country.

3. Asiana Airlines

This South Korea airline has 516 daily flights in Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. It covers four continents and has a great network in Asian region.

4. Qatar Airways

This Doha based airline serves 80 international destinations in Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and Australia. Passengers have comfortable travel experiences.

5. Emirates

A subsidiary of The Emirates Group, of United Arab Emirates, this Dubai based airline has 91 destinations in 55 countries. Their planes fly to Los Angeles, New Delhi, Singapore, etc.

6. Qantas

This Australian based airline company scores it high with passengers. Noted as the safest airline in the world, this one repeatedly gives world class travel experience for its passengers.

7. Etihad Airways

Etihad Airways belongs to Abu Dhabi of United Arab Emirates, with flights to about 50 destinations.

8. Air New Zealand

The national airline of New Zealand serves 26 destinations in 14 countries in Asia, Europe, North America and the Oceania region. It ranks among the top 10 for its services.

9. Malaysia Airlines

This Kuala Lumpur based airline company has some meticulously maintained planes, covering Asia, Middle East, Europe, Australasia, and to Los Angeles. It receives a five-star rating along with Asiana, Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines and Kingfisher Airlines from Skytrax.

10. Thai Airways

The non-stop 18 hours flight from Bangkok to Los Angeles, the ‘Most Hygienic In-Cabin Environment’ programme, etc are some of the highlights of this Thailand based airline company. It ranks high for its service.

Those are the top 10 airlines of the world for the year 2009, a list prepared based on interviews with the passengers.

All of the companies above have been listed as being the largest Petroleum firms in the world by research on each of them. Each firm has differant regulations and levels of due dilligence on contracts however they are all incredibly stringent in there checks, enabling them to be on this list.

Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek ??????????, literally “rock oil”) or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth’s surface.

“World LNG Export Markets to 2015- Analysis and Forecasts of Terminal wise Capacity and Associated Contracts, LNG Trade movements and Prices”. The report provides profound analysis and complete data on each segment of global LNG value chain, ranging from source field information, connecting pipelines, processing plant, trains, storage tanks, jetty and other infrastructure to LNG carriers. All this data is provided for each of the existing and planned LNG export terminals in the world.

The research work provides historical and forecasted analysis of world LNG export industry for a period of 16 years from 2000 to 2015. For the first time, you will find the sales and purchase agreements, trade movements, trade pricing along with an illustrative map in one single report. In addition, the report provides the construction details, capital investments and feasibility of planned projects.

Excerpts from the report

Global LNG Export capacity stood at 262.25 mtpa as in January 2010. Further, the company estimates the capacity to increase by 74% by 2015. All the six regions- Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, Africa, North America and South & Cent America across the world will witness an increase in liquefaction capacity.

The number of countries participating in LNG trade is set to increase from 22 to 57 between 2000 and 2015. World LNG Export capacity stood at 262.25 mtpa in January 2010. Further, the report estimates the capacity to increase by 74% by 2015. Australia and Nigeria will account for 53% of this increase.

State oil companies in Nigeria, Qatar, Malaysia and Algeria will continue to dominate the global liquefaction industry between 2009 and 2015. On the other hand, global oil and gas majors- Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Chevron Corporation and Total S.A will make it to the top 10 list by 2015.

Australia with eight planned export terminals will emerge as the market leader in 2015, surpassing Qatar, Indonesia, Malaysia and Nigeria. Around 20$ billion revenues will flow into Australia when all its eight planned terminals start exports in 2015.

The number of LNG tankers sailing across the world will increase to around 400 by 2013, up by 55 from current 345 and the total capacity will increase to 58.4 Million cubic meters.
C3MR, Optimized Cascade, APX processes continue to be the dominating liquefaction technologies used by the planned terminals till 2015.

Russia will be among the top 10 global LNG producers by 2015 as the country plans to develop itself as a leading LNG exporter to continue its stronghold on European markets
The report is designed in a complete user friendly and time saving pattern to provide you more information on each page of the report. Designed to meet all your LNG data and analysis requirements at one location, the report drives its data from LNGReports. Analysis in the report is provided from in-house and external industry experience people. We validate the analysis and data forecasts periodically with more than 100 industry experts across the globe to assure quality expected by you.

Reasons To Purchase

• Make strategic decisions using our in-depth analysis and historical and forecasted data on terminals, countries and companies
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• Identify potential investment opportunities present across the LNG value chain in the entire world
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• Gain access to data on LNG pricing and trade movements in different parts of the world and export or import LNG from stable and cheapest sources
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For more information, please contact :
http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/World-LNG-Export-Markets-to-2015-Analysis-and-Forecasts-of-Terminal-wise-Capacity-and-Associated-Contracts-LNG-Trade-movements-and-Prices-37943.html

http://blogs.aarkstore.com/

From:Aarkstore Enterprise
Contact:Minu
Email: press@aarkstore.com
URL: www.aarkstore.com

These simple pieces of cardstock informally announce the wedding date about eight months before the invitations are sent out, giving your guests plenty of time to arrange for time off of work or to make travel plans. If your wedding is especially formal, or will require long-distance travel, it’s best to give guests as much notice as possible.

While it’s not absolutely necessary to send out save the date cards, it’s a nice courtesy that your guests will appreciate. And, as an added perk, save the date cards can be a fun way to express yourself and give your guests a little wedding theme teaser. This is a great chance to get your guests excited and give them a glimpse of what they can expect.

If you’re still on the fence, take a look at some of the other benefits of sending save the date cards.

Save the Date Cards Give Guests Ample Notice

Many couples today are opting for destination weddings in exotic locales. Whether it is a tropical beach or a snow capped resort, your guests are expected to make their way there at their own expense. This is where save the date cards can offer an invaluable service.

It takes time to coordinate travel plans. Some of your friends and family members may need to arrange for child or pet care, or provide early notice for their employers. When you alert them of the date early, you significantly increase their likelihood of attending.

And, if other couples are considering planning their wedding or another special event around the same date, they’ll have enough time to reschedule. Couples who are planning a wedding on or close to a major holiday are advised to send save the date cards, since it’s likely that guests will be getting ready to make other arrangements.

Save the Date Cards can be Fun!

In addition to serving a practical purpose, save the date cards can be a fun form of self expression for the soon-to-be spouses. This is a great opportunity to show your style with colors, graphics and wording. Some couples choose save the date cards in their wedding theme colors, but this certainly isn’t a rule. If most of your friends or family members haven’t met your fiancé yet, save the date cards provide a great opportunity to include a picture and introduce your significant other.

When it comes to save the date card designs, the sky is the limit. In fact, you don’t even have to use cards. A save the date fridge magnet, bookmark, photo booth strip, message in a bottle or singing telegram are just a few unique ideas. You can also send save the date e-mails, and keep your guests posted on wedding plans with a fun webpage or e-newsletter as the date approaches. Memorable save the date cards are sure to increase your turnout on the big day, so don’t be afraid to think outside the box.

Save the Date Cards are Practical

Save the date cards can help your guests plan ahead to attend your wedding, and can show off some of your personal style. But they also have some practical benefits for the couple planning the wedding.

Save the date cards give you a rough head count estimate early on, so you can start to make plans for food, seating, wedding favors and more. This head start can help out significantly when it comes to determining your budget and finalizing your venue and catering arrangements.

It’s true that traditional forms of correspondence, like save the date cards, are faltering as technology takes over. But perhaps we lose an element of personal contact when we let these small courtesies fall by the wayside. If you want to boost your wedding day turn out, get a head start on planning, express your personal style and give a nod to tradition, save the date cards are an excellent choice.